USP standard Riboflavin-5-phosphate sodium Cas 130-40-5 supplied by manufacturer CAS NO.130-40-5

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Riboflavin Sodium Phosphate (also known as Flavin Mononucleotide Sodium or FMN-Na) is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Here's a detailed breakdown:

Chemical Structure & Properties

• Formula: C1717?H2020?N44?NaO99?P

• Structure:

  • Riboflavin (vitamin B2) with a phosphate group attached to its ribitol side chain, forming the sodium salt for enhanced solubility.

  • Acts as the active coenzyme form of riboflavin (Flavin Mononucleotide, FMN).

• Appearance: Yellow to orange crystalline powder, sensitive to light.

Mechanism of Action

• Coenzyme Role:

  • FMN is a precursor to Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD), both critical for:

    • Electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

    • Redox reactions (e.g., in the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation).

  • Facilitates energy production (ATP synthesis) and antioxidant defense (e.g., glutathione reductase).

Primary Uses

1. Medical Applications:

   • Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL): Used in ophthalmology to treat keratoconus and corneal ectasia. FMN acts as a photosensitizer when exposed to UV light, strengthening corneal collagen.

   • Vitamin B2 Supplementation: Treats riboflavin deficiency (ariboflavinosis), which causes symptoms like sore throat, anemia, and skin lesions.

   • Metabolic Disorders: Supports patients with inborn errors of metabolism affecting FAD/FMN-dependent enzymes.

2. Food & Pharmaceuticals:

   • Added to fortified foods, infant formula, and multivitamins.

   • Preferred over plain riboflavin due to better solubility and bioavailability.

3. Research:

   • Used in biochemical assays to study flavoprotein enzymes and redox pathways.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Rapidly absorbed in the small intestine via active transport.

• Metabolism: Converted to FAD in tissues; excess excreted in urine (bright yellow color due to riboflavin).

• Administration: Available orally, intravenously, or in topical ophthalmic formulations.

Safety & Side Effects

• Generally Safe: No known toxicity at recommended doses.

• Risks:

  • Rare allergic reactions (rash, itching).

  • Yellow discoloration of urine (harmless).

• Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to riboflavin or FMN.

Regulatory & Handling

• Regulations: Approved by FDA, EMA, and WHO for medical and dietary use.

• Storage: Protect from light and moisture; store at room temperature.

Key Advantages Over Riboflavin

• Enhanced Solubility: Suitable for IV formulations and eye drops.

• Direct Bioavailability: Bypasses the need for phosphorylation in the body.

Commercial Forms

• Brands:

  • Photrexa®: Ophthalmic solution for corneal cross-linking.

  • Generic FMN supplements (often labeled as "Active B2").

• CAS No.: 146-17-8.

Environmental & Industrial Notes

• Biodegradable: No significant environmental persistence.

• Industrial Synthesis: Produced via enzymatic phosphorylation of riboflavin.

Riboflavin sodium phosphate bridges nutrition and medicine, playing vital roles in energy metabolism and advanced therapies. Its stability and bioavailability make it indispensable in clinical and dietary applications. Always consult a healthcare provider for therapeutic use.