High quality Sulfamethoxazole Cas 723-46-6 with favorable price CAS NO.723-46-6

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Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. Here's a structured overview:

Classification & Mechanism

Class: Sulfonamide (antibacterial agent).

Action: Inhibits bacterial folate synthesis by blocking dihydropteroate synthase, an enzyme needed to produce folic acid. Without folate, bacteria cannot synthesize DNA or proteins, halting growth (bacteriostatic).

Common Uses

Often combined with trimethoprim (a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor) as co-trimoxazole (brands: Bactrim, Septra). This dual blockade synergistically disrupts folate metabolism.

Treats:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Respiratory infections (e.g., bronchitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised patients).

Ear infections (otitis media).

Traveler's diarrhea.Certain skin infections.

Side Effects

Common: Nausea, vomiting, rash, loss of appetite.

Serious:

Severe allergic reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome).

Blood disorders (e.g., anemia, leukopenia).

Kidney injury or crystalluria (hydration advised).

Photosensitivity (sun avoidance recommended).

Contraindications & Precautions

Avoid in:

Sulfa allergy (cross-reactivity possible).

Pregnancy (especially near term due to folate antagonism).

Severe liver/kidney impairment or folate deficiency.

Drug Interactions: Warfarin (↑ bleeding risk), methotrexate (↑ toxicity), phenytoin.

Resistance & Considerations

Resistance arises via bacterial enzyme mutations; prudent use is essential.

Patient Advice:

Complete full prescribed course.

Stay hydrated to prevent kidney issues.

Not effective for viral infections (e.g., colds, flu).

Pharmacokinetics

Administered orally, metabolized in the liver, excreted renally. Dosing tailored to infection severity and patient factors.

Sulfamethoxazole remains a critical tool against bacterial infections but requires careful use to mitigate resistance and adverse effects. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

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